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1993-04-23
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (213) 354-5011
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
NASA's Viking Lander 2 has ceased operating after ì
ì
three and one-half years on the surface of Mars.
Flight controllers at Jet Propulsion Laboratory ì
ì
received unintelligible data during a scheduled transmission ì
ì
from Lander 2 in mid-March.
After analyzing engineering telemetry for several ì
ì
weeks, Viking officials concluded that loss of power in the ì
ì
batteries had led to an automatic shutdown of the cameras and ì
ì
other science instruments.
The batteries provided power for the lander to ì
ì
transmit. Primary power source for the batteries and other ì
ì
systems is a radioisotope thermoelectric generator -- a small ì
ì
nuclear power device.
Viking Lander 2 touched down on the surface of Mars ì
ì
Sept. 3, 1976, at 47.7 degrees north latitude. It operated ì
ì
continuously since that time.
Lander 2 survived the rigors of two Martian ì
ì
winters, when temperatures dropped as low as 190 degrees ì
ì
below zero Fahrenheit.
During its first 20 months on Mars, Lander 2 ì
ì
measured the composition of Mars' atmosphere and soil, ì
ì
continuously monitored the weather, dug many trenches, ì
ì
searched the soil for signs of living microorganisms, and ì
ì
took more than 1,800 pictures.
Scientists say Lander 2's most important discovery ì
ì
may be that a thin layer of white water-frost covers the ì
ì
ground at the far northern latitudes each winter.
For the last two years, most of the lander's ì
ì
instruments were turned off, their missions completed.
Scientists had continued to receive weather data ì
ì
and pictures from the lander. Lander 2 continued to operate ì
ì
normally until the problem that began Jan. 31, 1980.
Lander 2 was scheduled to send its final science ì
ì
information to Earth on April 11.
Viking Lander 1 continues to operate on the Martian ì
ì
surface and send data to Earth once a week. Its on-board com- ì
ì
puter has been programmed to enable the lander to ì
ì
automatically monitor weather and take pictures, then send ì
ì
the information directly to Earth. It should continue to do ì
ì
so through the 1980s.
Viking Orbiter 1 is still operating and later this ì
ì
month will be moved to a new orbit around Mars to take high- ì
ì
resolution pictures of areas that have not been adequately ì
ì
covered. It is expected to quit working in June or July, when ì
ì
it runs out of attitude-control gas.
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